20 de outubro de 2020 , por
Dupree noted that Betelgeuse is losing mass at a rate 30 million times higher than the Sun, but that recent activity resulted in a loss of roughly two times the normal amount of material from the southern hemisphere alone. "All stars are losing material to the interstellar … Between late June and early August 2020, STEREO observed Betelgeuse on five separate days, measuring the star's relative brightness in comparison to other stars. "We saw all the absorption lines in the spectrum blue shifted and knew that the star was expanding," said Klaus G. Strassmeier, director of cosmic magnetic fields at Leibniz-Institut fur Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP) and co-author on the study. The star’s mass is uncertain, but estimates range from 7.7 to 20 times that of the Sun. Intense interest surrounding Betelgeuse ignited late last year as the star continued to grow dimmer and dimmer, a behavior some scientists said signaled that the old star was about to go supernova. However, if Betelgeuse’s mass is actually a little but more—perhaps 20 or 22 solar masses—then it could first lose much of its outer envelope of gases through a series of violent ejections. Perhaps with an event such as we discovered on Betelgeuse? "The dimming was obvious to everyone when looking at the constellation Orion; it was very weird, Betelgeuse was almost missing." Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian The astronomers needed better brightness observations of Betelgeuse to feed their models, so they turned to an unusual source: the Solar Mass Ejection Imager, a detector on the Department of Defense's Coriolis mission.This spacecraft was designed to observe the Sun and get a handle on its activity that can interfere with communications, as you might expect the DoD to be … Betelgeuse typically goes through brightness cycles lasting around 420 days, and since the previous minimum happened in February 2020, this new dimming is over a year early," said Dupree, who plans to observe Betelgeuse with STEREO again next year, during the star's maximum, to monitor for unexpected outbursts. Pulsations like those observed in Betelgeuse are typically the result of pressure waves coursing through the burning innards of a star. By February 2020, the star had lost more than two-thirds of its brilliance, a dimming visible even to the naked eye, creating buzz that the star might be going supernova. Observations from STEREO were reported via The Astronomer's Telegram on July 28, 2020. The star is believed to have an average luminosity about 120,000 times that of the Sun. The full results of the Hubble and STELLA studies published today in The Astrophysical Journal. About Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian.
Recent observations of Betelgeuse have revealed that the star's unexpected and significant dimming periods in late 2019 and early 2020 were most likely caused by the ejection and cooling of dense hot gases, and that the star may be going through another dimming period more than a year early.
We think it possible that a dark cloud resulted from the outflow that Hubble detected. CfA scientists, organized into six research divisions, study the origin, evolution and ultimate fate of the universe. Dupree noted that Betelgeuse is losing mass at a rate 30 million times higher than the Sun, but that recent activity resulted in a loss of roughly two times the normal amount of material from the southern hemisphere alone. Headquartered in Cambridge, Mass., the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian (CfA) is a collaboration between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Harvard College Observatory. "With Hubble, we had previously observed hot convection cells on the surface of Betelgeuse and in the fall of 2019 we discovered a large amount of dense hot gas moving outwards through Betelgeuse's extended atmosphere. Reference: “Standing on the Shoulders of Giants: New Mass and Distance Estimates for Betelgeuse through Combined Evolutionary, Asteroseismic, and Hydrodynamic Simulations with MESA” by Meridith Joyce, Shing-Chi Leung, László Molnár, Michael Ireland, Chiaki Kobayashi and Ken’ichi Nomoto, 13 October 2020, The Astrophysical Journal. "When the dimming started, the blue shift became smaller and smaller and actually reverted to a redshift when the star was faintest. We think this gas cooled down millions of miles outside the star to form the dust that blocked the southern part of the star imaged in January and February," said Andrea Dupree, associate director of the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, and lead author on the study.
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