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At the first thinning (at 8–10 m height), 2–3 times more trees can be selected than will be needed in the final stand at spacings of ∼6–8 m. After two or three thinnings around the selected trees, an overall basal area of ∼15 m2 ha−1 is achieved and this needs to be maintained by thinning homogeneously throughout the stand (‘stand thinning’). This explains the strictly light-demanding nature of alder, its growth pattern, good natural pruning and poor competitive abilities. They grow especially well in moist soils, by waterways and in boggy woodlands in the Midwest and on the East Coast.
at age 60 can vary from 25 to 45 cm (Figure 5), corresponding to a mean annual diameter increment of 0.4–0.7 cm.
Despite the different methods and approaches to construction, the shape of curves is always very similar (Figure 3). Plateau sites with high soil moisture contents, for example deep loamy soils, generally with a temporary water-table and where the stand is dominated by other species (e.g. Alder Tree Identification The easiest way of recognizing an alder tree is by its distinctive little fruiting body, called a strobile. Strobiles remain on the tree until the following spring, and the small, nutlike seeds they contain supply winter food for birds and small mammals. Gaudin et al. Mean of dominant diameter of black alder stands at different levels of competition for yield class 3 in Belgium (H50 = 20 m). (1998) found MAVIs ranged between 2.4 and 14.9 m3 ha−1 year−1.
species in its genus, Black Alder can add nitrogen to the soil by
In the same third yield class, d.b.h. (2002) presented in the section on diameter growth. Girault, 1988; Poulain, 1991; Vaast and Billac, 1996; Claessens, 2005) suggest intensive and especially early thinning regimes beginning at age 10–15.
In Belgium, Regional forest inventories show that coppicing was the main treatment during the twentieth century (Claessens, 2005). of the state (see Distribution
Silvicultural trials in alder stands are few and recent. shoots are often sticky from a resin. European black alder (Not recommended) European black alder has invasive traits that enable it to spread aggressively. The spread of the disease depends on the presence of free water that allows the development and transport of the fungus (Chandelier et al., 2006). Riverside sites in which the soil in the rooting zone is well aerated during the growing season. Comments:
of 40 cm by which time heart rot will have developed.
Despite the fact that alder is the only tree that will grow in marshes, production is often slow and the wood of low quality in these conditions. The trees have the ability to fix nitrogen from the air and increase soil fertility through their root nodules. The best results were achieved by crosses between Alnus rubra × A. glutinosa and Alnus cordata × Alnus incana (Martin, 1985). The first section presents a comprehensive review of the site requirements, growth patterns and stand dynamics of black alder, as foundations for silvicultural prescriptions. Habitats consist primarily of streambanks and low
Sixty to seventy years is the maximum rotation for growing timber if heart rot is to be avoided. many species of moths (see Moth Table). It also improves the availability of phosphorus (Giardina et al., 1995) and various bivalents cations (e.g. Ses stations et sa sylviculture. of 40 cm, even in the highest yield class. (1999), Claessens et al.
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