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11 Where a tyrant's will, lacking all reason, strips bare the kingdom, the people's love roams as an exile. 6059 every love hath drede. 7 Usury takes for itself more than it is owed, and often does so by concealed fraud. [Note concerning the punishment of Tantalus, whose bitter thirst tortures the avaricious in hell.] Barl. Wherefore, with her pregnant, her enraged father buried his daughter alive in a tomb, out of which they say that a flower that is called "sunflower" first subsequently grew.] Ovid concludes: "Thus betrayed by vesture, the god loves not garments which deceive the eye, and bids his worshipers come naked to his rites" (veste deus lusus fallentes lumina vestes / non amat et nudos ad sua sacra vocat - Fasti 2.357-58). Latin marginalia: Nota de mari quod magnum Occeanum dicitur. Both poets favour a kind of realistic detailing which, so far from disturbing the graceful courtly style, makes it more poignant and delectable" (p. 7). Macaulay points out that the most important source for the book is the Trésor of Brunetto Latini, a work based largely on Aristotle, "with whose works Latini was exceptionally well acquainted" (3.522). The account of Valentinian's virginity occurs in Epistola Valerii ad Rufinum, where the emperor is said to be octogenarius. Where Macaulay thought Gower to be floundering and getting it mixed up (see Mac 3.525), he is "actually following his source very carefully" (Fox, Mediaeval Sciences, p. 68). 91 ff. . . See Trésor 1.117.2: "for when it [the moon] waxes, marrow begins to increase in bones, and the marrow of crabs and crawfish and all animals and fish grows; even the sea swells and produces great waves. 86 ferste cause. See also St. Augustine, De civitate Dei 11.31, on seven as a number and measure of completeness, or De formis 15.1, pp. The description of the sun's crown draws upon De nuptiis 1.75, though other sources are used as well. The stomach is the receiving kettle: "It has the liver below it like a fire underneath a caldron; and thus the stomach is like a kettle of food, the gall-bladder is the cook, and the liver is the fire" (Corner, Anatomical Texts of the Earlier Middle Ages, pp.
585-662 and 1.2785-3042, and then again here to exemplify sacrilege. 490-520 That Gower follows his Stoic paradigm of heart/king/rule with a discussion of the soul's "hyh noblesse / Appropred to his oghne kinde" (7.498-99) where, unlike the soul of beasts, it "to reson . 721 ff.
S, B, Mac: sette. 143 Cillenus. The approach is more Aristotelian than Platonic, with little attention given to the metaphysics and sociology of the body that so interests Gower. 7774 Despended al thi time in wast. 4.5, ext. 319-67 On fiery exhalations, lightning, firedrakes, and other airy demonstrations, see Trésor 1.106, especially 7-9, although Gower's remarks about Assub (line 334), Capra saliens (line 347), Eges (line 351), and Daaly (line 361) are not in Brunetto. [Note here concerning the first Sign, which is called Aries, to whom the Month of March specifically belongs. J, Mac: understod. 429 ff. In Ovid there seems to be no moral opprobrium connected with cross-dressing. 451 ff. 6006 in wynter lith swounynge. Genius' description focuses more on what we would think of as music, namely, harmony (line 165), melody (line 166), voice and instruments, and the relationship of notes. . . Latin marginalia: Nota quod triplex dicitur essencia: Prima temporanea, que incipit et desinit, Secunda perpetua, que incipit et non desinit, Tercia sempiterna, que nec incipit nec desinit. See also Trevisa's translation of Higden's Polychronicon 1.6. See Fox, Mediaeval Sciences, pp. 1535 set. 6852 ff. Et cum ad lectum Herculis muliebri palpata veste ex casu peruenisset, putans Eolen fuisse, cubiculum nudo corpore ingreditur; quem senciens Hercules manibus apprehensum ipsum ad terram ita fortiter allisit, ut impotens sui corporis effectus usque mane ibidem requieuit, vbi Saba cum Nimphis siluestribus superueniens ipsum sic illusum deridebat. 11 That he might live off his spoils, the bandit frequently ambushes, in a great onslaught, the road on which people journey. 232 ff. See Heroides 3. Chaucer likewise draws upon the tradition in creating jealous husbands like old Januarie in The Merchant's Tale, who would keep May locked in his garden; or John the carpenter and his sweet Alison in The Miller's Tale: "Jalous he was, and heeld hire narwe in cage" (CT I[A]3224). 223 On the four elements, four complexions, four humors, and four seasons and nature's role in perpetually harmonizing and ordering discordant matters, see Trésor 1.99-107. On water springing from high hills (7.247-53), see Trésor 1.105.2. For Gower, "The heart governs the rest of the body by reason, just as a king rules a kingdom" (Chaucer's Language, p. 66). 7736-39 Bot if thi good suffise . B, Mac: thegipcienes. Genius' comparison of the streams of earth with veins of blood in men (7.245-46) comes from the opening section of this chapter: "the earth . 2.10. Latin marginalia: Pulmo domus Fleumatis. which is similar to what happens to the blood in man, which spreads into veins, so that the blood flows up and down through the whole body." See the Introduction to volume 1 of CA. Gower begins at the center, with earth, then water, air, and fire. Godley draws a parallel between the capture of Silenus and Menelaus' capture of Proteus in The Odyssey (Herodotus, p.145n2).
Latin marginalia: Nota hic de virtute Largitatis, que ad oppositum Auaricie inter duo extrema, videlicet Parcimoniam et Prodegalitatem, specialiter consistit. [The gall-bladder is the home of Bile.] Midas' debate over the three choices is Gower's addition to the traditional story. Proverbial.
. . It was through the subject of geometry that the ancient sages attempted to find the relative dimensions of heaven and earth, and the distance from the one to the other, and many other proportions which are truly marvellous." [Note concerning Fire, which is the fourth element.] 108-36. . 6745 The which were al his worldes welthe. Thus love finds leisure for treachery so that under cover, it might be able to take furtive frolicking when the night is favorable. 10 By violence Rapacity seizes things in broad daylight; he takes the flower's honey from the unwilling virgin. 459 ff. (Luke 8:18.)] In Gower the stomach is a comun coc [cook] / Ordeined, as seith the boc. 135 ff. ), the Wars of Alexander (3.2438 ff. Latin marginalia: Hic interim tractat de creacione quatuor Elementorum, scilicet terre, aque, aeris et ignis, necnon et de eorum naturis, nam et singulis proprietates singule attribuuntur. Genius is concerned about his contract with Venus. But in Book 7, where he is mainly the occasion for Aristotle's instruction in the tools of self-governance and kingship, he fares better. Bartholomaeus works from Saturn to the moon (the seventh sphere to the first), rather than from the inside out (first to the seventh), as Gower does. 815-47 On the fifteen stars and their relative stones and herbs, see Heather, pp. 955 ff. Latin marginalia: Nota de Musica, que secunda pars Artis Mathematice dicitur. See also "The Wise Book of Philosophy and Astronomy" (Cambridge University Library MS Ll.4.14) in Krochalis and Peters, World of Piers Plowman, pp.
. Not knowing more than that is sometimes good for men; but what the prudent man sees useful, that he comes to know. 786 Thei. astr. See Whiting, H201. And he narrates that when Neptune wanted to assault by his robbery a certain virgin, Cornix by name, when she was wandering along the seashore, Pallas Athena intervened and graciously freed her from his hands, with her virginity intact.] Myth. He is talking about names of the "same kinde" (line 340) but of another "forme" (line 341), as if to say that comets do not always behave in the same way, some falling, some "skippende" (line 345), some reaching earth and some not, thus "semende" (line 346) to be different. 145-202 The four subdivisions of mathematics are usually referred to as the Quadrivium (see note to 7.72). Macaulay suggests that bot might mean out, though it would be unusual as a southern form. on sight being "the most principal of alle" the senses (n.b., 1.304-08n); also Trésor 1.106.8 and Bart. 425-30. And when by chance he arrived at Hercules' bed, after having stroked the womanly clothing thinking it was Eolen, he entered the bed with his body naked; perceiving him, Hercules, seizing him with his hands, thus powerfully smashed him to the ground, so that, made entirely powerless in his body, he remained there until morning, where Saba arriving with the wood nymphs mocked him, having been thus deceived.]
2.409-541, where she is not given a name but is only called virgo Nonacrina (he does name Arcas); and Fasti 2.153-92, where she is called Callisto. Rape of virgins was a felony punished by castration and blinding. .
Daniel's interpretation of the inscription "is built on a paronomastic reworking of the Aramaic" (Dictionary of Biblical Tradition, p. 329), where Mene indicates that "God hath numbered thy kingdom and finished it"; Tekel, "Thou art weighed in the balances and found wanting"; and Peres, "Thy kingdom is divided and given to the Medes and Persians." One is reminded of Chaucer's eagle in HF, who is well grounded in mathematics, especially those parts dealing with astronomy and geometry.
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