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reptiles lower classifications

20 de outubro de 2020 , por


Respiration is performed by lungs, affected by a backward movement of the ribs, produced by the intercostal muscles.

All the members of the order are extinct and possibly form the ‘stem reptiles’ from which other reptiles have probably been evolved. 8.50).

]: Tail cylindrical and tapered; tubular fangs at the front of the maxilla. The causative agent of such large-scale extinct of reptiles is not fully explored. Euparkeria, Orninthosuchus, Phystosaurus. With the change of the habitat, their food also changes.

Example: Placodus (Fig. They all died out in Permian and Triassic extinctions, leaving behind small descendents. The Center For Voter Information Mn,

They are now represented by the lizards, snakes, tur­tles, crocodiles and Sphenodon. 6.


The body is divided into head, neck, trunk, and tail. First three ribs are represented by bands of connective tissue. The Witches Cast 2020, The cara­pace is olive green with lighter vermiculation’s. Adult American Alligator. Tomkins' Affect Imagery Consciousness Pdf, Palm Beach County Supervisor Of Elections Jobs, How To Become A Straight-a Student Book Review, World Xi Vs Australia 2005 Full Match Highlights, Differential Equation Population Growth Examples, Gta Episodes From Liberty City Apunkagames.

8.43). The cavity of the mouth is bounded behind by two soft transverse membranes which meet when the animal draws the prey. Fore-limbs are flat­tened and hind limbs cylindrical. 7. From the above characters it differs from the chelonians and it is assumed that the cara­pace and plastron were a later acquisition.

Share Your PPT File. Order 1. 28. Arguably, lizards are the most incredibly diverse creatures of the reptile world. Reptiles are ureotelic, uricotelic, and ammonotelic.

Snakes are carnivorous but lizards eat a variety of foods including plants and insects. Pteron = wing; sauros = lizard]: (i) This order includes the fossil flying reptiles. Welcome to BiologyDiscussion! Family 4.

The females first indicate the willingness of mating by raising the snout upward. Gray (1825-1875) published the works on turtles. Order 3. Living orders can be traced back to the Triassic.

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Otherwise the turtle nesting popula­tions have been subjected to heavy exploita­tion for meat, eggs, shell and leather, and have suffered high levels of mortality from incidental catch by fish and shrimp trawlers.

A large ischiopubic foramen is present between the ischium and pubis. Oviposition is seen from January to February. The crocodiles include three genera: Crocodylus, Osteolaemus and Osteoblepharon. Sphenodon is undoubtedly a primitive and generalized type of reptile. Two sacral vertebrae instead of a single one in amphibians. The oesophagus can be distended to store food. Scincidae include more than 39 species under 12 genera. Chelone = a tortoise; L. testudines; genitive of Testudo = a tortoise] [About 230 species]. The horny shields are regularly arranged on the surface of cara­pace as well as plastron.

These plates are fused with the spinous processes of second to ninth thoracic vertebrae. Oviparous female lays between 6 and 20 or more eggs.

Central nervous system is better deve­loped in reptiles than amphibians. Snout rubbing, mounting by both partners, circling are the signals of courtship in Gharials (Gavialis gangeticus). Cynognathus (Fig. The earliest known fossil cotylosaur is Romeriscus, collected from the lower Pennsylvania.

Uromastyx hardwickii is found in the arid zones of Rajasthan, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh in India.

Generally the life span of snakes ranges from 10 to 20 years. Much publicity has been given to the so- called third eye of Sphenodon. T-shaped median interclavicle is present in the pectoral girdle. Members belonging to the suborder Pseudosuchia under this order were small in size. (ii) They were aquatic in habit and lived in freshwater lakes.

The main aortae arise from the base of ventricle.

In temperate regions, all chelonians hibernate regularly.

Tortoises are usually herbivorous while sea and fresh water turtles are omnivorous.
8.50C). (2) The nasal-opening is double in Sphenodon but single in crocodile. It contains 2 species. 4. History of Reptiles 3. The research work on Indian reptiles started to publish from the 19th century. It is a living fossil and is popularly called the ‘Hatteria’ or ‘Tuatara’. Ithihasa Songs, They attain sexual maturity at the age of 20. In the month of January or February, the female initiates courtship by swimming around a male with head upraised.

36. The epipubis is present and the symphysis is ischio-pubic in nature. 40. A cartilaginous suprascapula is present above the scapula. Cobra (Naja); Kraits (Bungarus); African Black Mamba (Dendroaspis angustipis); Australian Tiger Snake (Notechis scutatus); Australian Death Adder (Acanthophis antarcticus), etc. Nearly 244 species of snakes have been recorded from India of which only 52 are poisonous.

The genus Crocodylus is found in Africa to South China, Australia, New Guinea, Western Pacific and Southern United States to Venezuela.

(iii) The lower jaw was with vacuities between dentary and angular. The study of these traditional reptile orders, historically combined with that of modern amphibians, is called herpetology. A few existed in the Brahmani – Baitarini deltaic area of Orissa, known as Bhitar kanika and also a few in the Sundarbans of W. Bengal. They feed mainly on insects with an occa­sional gecko or baby sea bird. In the leather back, Dermochelys claws are totally absent. The range of this species includes North and South America, Africa, Asia and Australia.

Agama (Rock lizard), Calotes (Garden lizard), Sitana (Long tailed lizard), Draco (Flying lizard), Phrynocephalus (Toad-headed agama), Moloch horridus (Thorny devil or spiny lizard of Australia) etc.

Eight pairs of large rectangular costal plates, four pairs on each side, are present. They carry spines on the back.

Before mating, the males of some species sniff the cloacal region of the females and trail females at day time. These mammal-like reptiles gave origin to the mammals.

Snakes usually have one row of scales on the belly; lizards have many.

The only surviving population— S. guntheri includes about 300 individuals. They live in the deserts of Mexico and the South-western United States. The heart (Fig. As much as possible, we have tried to organize our website around the four reptile orders listed above. They had one temporal fossa on the lower side of the skull.

reptiles lower classifications October 7, 2020 by Uncategorized A number of different forms of aquatic reptile showed this form of skull, such as the Protosaurs, Nothosaurs and Placodonts but we will deal with the two largest groups – the ichthyosaurs and the plesiosaurs. (v) Array of holding and stabbing teeth were present on the jaws. 6. Michael Childers Linkedin, 1. Lower levels of taxonomy are defined mainly by differences in the skeleton, primarily the skull and shell. It cannot be denied that Sphenodon approaches lacertilians more closely than any other groups of reptiles, but because of the retention of many peculiar individual characteristics its place­ment under a separate order Rhyncho­cephalia under the subclass Lepidosauria is thoroughly justified. Family Dasypeltidae [Non-poisonous; Egg-eating snakes]: Olive colouration, black and yellow spots on its back. 1. They feed on molluscs, crustaceans, fish and jelly fish. Black Caiman 5. After the first record in 1911, rediscovery was done in 1982.

Lacertidae [Lacertiols of Old world; about 150 species]: Lacertids have slender body, well- developed limbs, notched tongue and a long pointed tail.

Family Trionychidae (freshwater or mud turtles) include three genera and six species. 10.

These two lines of reptiles became modified for aquatic life in quite different ways but they share the same basic type of skull organisation, with minor differences. Again the methodological study on reptiles was started by Edward Tyson in 1683. Burmese glass snake (Ophisaurus gracilis) is the only Indian limbless lizard. In practice, some reptiles live in a stable environment and have a stable body temperature.

8.44). Reptiles may be defined as “cold-blooded vertebrates, breathe by lungs throughout their existence, and having the body covered with scales or scutes. The following classification of living families derives mainly from Turtles of the World, 8th ed. The larger snakes capture rats while smaller ones feed on mice, smaller birds, lizards even frogs. 6. The roots of the left and right aortic arches are twisted and communicated by the foramen of Panizza (Fig.

10. All these groups have evolved from the Cotylosaurian stem reptiles of Permian period. Most reptiles are oviparous, and a few species of lizards and snakes are viviparous. The range of this species includes North and South America, Africa, Asia and Australia. Greater Manchester Annandale (1912-1915) produced a detailed work on fresh­water turtles. The most primitive group are the side-necked turtles (Suborder Pleurodira), which have very long necks to assist in catching fish. There is a range of fossil species of these reptiles throughout the Mesozoic. A carti­laginous hypo-ischium is fixed to the ischia behind. Generally the chelonians are thought to be dull animals.

Trionychidae (Soft shelled turtles) of Asia, Africa and North America: Soft proboscis, fleshy lips, carapace cov­ered with smooth skin and digits with 3 claws. The advent of colder climates caused the destruction of tropical and subtro­pical vegetation thus disrupting the food chain.

Gta Episodes From Liberty City Apunkagames, Certain snakes have been adapted in feeding snails and slugs. Leiolepididae [Terrestrial South-east Asian lizard; about 14 species]: Leiolepis, Uromastyx, etc.

Skull is provided with single or more temporal fossae except Anapsida where the fossae are absent. They are mainly found on the Gujarat coasts, and also some members on the remote islands in Lakshadweep and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Iguanidae (Iguanas) - Includes many subspecies: anoles, collared lizards, etc. Creatures like them were recorded in the late Triassic, so they are of the slowest rates of evolution. Metanephric kidney; uric acid is the main nitrogenous waste. They look like lizards but there are differences that set the tuatara apart from lizards. Except for snakes, all the reptiles have well-developed ears.

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