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Known as "Lonesome George" by his keepers at the Charles Darwin Research Station on the Galápagos Island of Santa Cruz, this giant tortoise was estimated to be 100 years old. Scientific Classification; Quick Information Efforts were made to mate the male, named Lonesome George, with other subspecies, but no viable eggs were produced. Several of the surviving species of Galápagos tortoises are endangered. Following his death in 2012, the Pinta Island tortoise is now considered to be extinct (other subspecies of Galápagos tortoise are listed as "Vulnerable" by the IUCN). The Pinta Island has a long neck and toothless mouth shaped much like a beak, suitable for its vegetarian diet. Lonesome George died on 24 June 2012, and the species was believed to have become extinct with his death. [20][21][22] In his last years, he was known as the rarest creature in the world. Researchers have identified one male tortoise from the Volcano Wolf region which has half his genes in common with George's subspecies. Efforts were made to mate the male, named Lonesome George, with other species, but no viable eggs resulted. Size: Individuals of this subspecies were known to reach 400 pounds, 6 feet in length, and 5 feet in height (with necks fully extended). [citation needed]. [11][13], Synonyms of Chelonoidis abingdonii include Testudo abingdonii Günther, 1877; Testudo elephantopus abingdonii Mertens & Wermuth, 1955; Geochelone elephantopus abingdonii Pritchard, 1967; Geochelone nigra abingdonii Iverson, 1992; and Geochelone abingdonii Valverde, 2004. A necropsy of the ill-fated Pinta island Tortoise also indicated that he died of old age, despite the fact that Galapagos Tortoises typically live for 150-170 years in captivity.
Naula suspects that the cause of death was heart failure consistent with the end of the natural life cycle of a tortoise. Weighing 200 pounds and measuring 5 feet in length, George was a healthy representative of his kind, but repeated attempts to breed him with biologically similar female tortoises proved unsuccessful. Habitat: Like other saddleback tortoises, the Pinta Island subspecies primarily inhabited arid lowlands but likely made seasonal migrations to more moist areas at higher elevations. [33] Researchers identified one male tortoise from the Volcano Wolf region that had half his genes in common with George's species. The decline of the population began in the 17th century as a result of visits by buccaneers and whalers. The decline of the population began in the 17th century as a result of visits by buccaneers and whalers.
The goat population grew to more than 40,000 during the 1960s and 1970s, decimating the island's vegetation, which was the remaining tortoises' food. Monitoring projects have since shown that Pinta's native vegetation has recovered in the absence of goats, but the vegetation requires grazing to keep the ecosystem properly balanced, so the Galápagos Conservancy launched Project Pinta, a multi-phase effort to introduce tortoises from other islands to Pinta.
[11] In 1876, Commander William Cookson[12] brought three male specimens (along with other species of Galápagos tortoise) to London aboard the Royal Navy ship HMS Peterel. It could go for long periods without drinking water (up to 18 months) and is thought to have stored water in its bladder and pericardium. "Turtles of the World, 2011 Update: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status", "Lonesome George, the Pinta Island Tortoise: A Case of Limited Alternatives", "14 animals declared extinct in the 21st century", "Lonesome George, last of the Pinta Island tortoises, dies", "Galapagos Tortoise 'Lonesome George' May Have Company", "Breeding Efforts May Resurrect Giant Tortoise Species - Island Conservation", "William Edgar De Crackenthorpe Cookson R.N. In addition to conservation efforts such as the elimination of goat populations in the Galápagos, there has been an effort to revive a number of species of Galápagos tortoise through captive breeding. Jennifer Bove is a contributing writer for the National Wildlife Foundation. On 24 June 2012, at 8:00 am local time, Director of the Galápagos National Park Edwin Naula announced that Lonesome George had been found dead[24][25][26] by his caretaker of 40 years, Fausto Llerena. The Pinta tortoise was pronounced functionally extinct. [1], The species was described by Albert Günther in 1877 after specimens arrived in London. Small trees began regenerating from the stumps left by the goats. By the mid-20th century, it was assumed that the subspecies was extinct until a single male was discovered on the island in 1971.
Pinta is a shield volcano with numerous young cones and lava flows along NNW-trending fissures. She is the author of a series of children's non-fiction books about animals, published by HarperCollins. For decades, it was believed that the La Pinta tortoise had gone extinct. The oldest known tortoise was Harriet, who was approximately 175 years old when she died at an Australia Zoo in 2006. There are also a variety of resources for volunteering to help endangered species available online. The Pinta tortoise was pronounced functionally extinct as George was in captivity. After almost 30 years of only moderately successful extermination attempts, an intensive program of radio-collaring and aerial hunting aided by GPS and GIS technology resulted in complete eradication of goats from Pinta.
As these specimens are juveniles, their parents may still be alive. The subspecies was described by Albert Günther in 1877 after specimens arrived in London. Diet: The Pinta Island tortoise's diet consisted of vegetation, including grasses, leaves, cacti, lichens, and berries. The now-extinct Pinta Island tortoise resembled other members of the Galapagos giant tortoise species (Chelonoidis nigra), which is the largest living species of tortoise and one of the heaviest living reptiles in the world. The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise has diminished the functioning of the island ecosystem.[15]. On June 24, 2012, at 8:00 am local time, Director of the Galápagos National Park Edwin Naula announced that Lonesome George had been found dead by his caretaker of 40 years, Fausto Llerena. [16][17] [citation needed], In the wild, Galápagos tortoises, including the Pinta Island species, rest about 16 hours a day. What's So Special About the Galapagos Islands? The Pinta Island Tortoise, (Chelonoidis nigra abingdonii), also known as the pinta giant tortoise, abingdon Island tortoise, or abingdon island giant tortoise, was a subspecies of galápagos tortoise native to Ecuador's Pinta Island. Reproduction: Galápagos giant tortoises reach sexual maturity between 20 and 25 years of age. The females retain sperm from a single copulation to fertilize all of her eggs. [citation needed] Galápagos tortoises are herbivores, feeding primarily on greens, grasses, native fruit, and cactus pads. Today, the remaining tortoises that live around Wolf Volcano have combined genetic markers from several subspecies. During the 19th century, whalers and fishermen killed Pinta Island tortoises for food, driving the subspecies to the brink of extinction by the mid-1900s.
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